Debates over open source and openness in artificial intelligence have intensified as policymakers, researchers, and practitioners grapple with how foundation models should be developed and governed to balance innovation, accountability, and public interest. However, there has been limited empirical work examining how diverse stakeholders collectively understand and negotiate responsible openness in AI, particularly through participatory processes that extend beyond industry-led definitions and frameworks. This paper presents findings from a multi-sectoral workshop grounded in futures thinking and participatory design methods. The workshop generated co-created visions of desirable futures and the role of AI, alongside a set of action pathways and a research roadmap focused on responsible open source and openness in AI. This paper makes three key contributions. First, it empirically documents the co-created visions, actions, and research priorities. Second, it identifies four core tensions that emerged as participants translated high-level aspirations into concrete actions, revealing conflicting interpretations of openness regarding its purpose (as an end or a means), its scope (expansion versus meaningful access), and its operation (mandatory versus conditional, sufficient versus dependent on governance and use). These tensions illustrate that responsible openness is not a singular technical solution, but a negotiated sociotechnical project shaped by values, positionalities, and priorities. Third, the paper advances methodological approaches in AI governance by demonstrating how participatory futures methods can surface plural visions, actions, and research priorities that extend beyond dominant, largely corporate, narratives, offering empirical insight into how openness, power, and accountability are negotiated in practice.

翻译：关于人工智能中开源与开放的辩论愈演愈烈，政策制定者、研究人员和实践者正努力探讨基础模型的开发与治理，以平衡创新、问责和公共利益。然而，考察多元利益相关者如何通过参与式流程——超越行业主导的定义和框架——集体理解并协商人工智能中的负责任开放，这一方面的实证研究仍较为有限。本文报告了一项基于未来思维和参与式设计方法的多部门工作坊的研究成果。该工作坊共创了关于理想未来及其人工智能作用的愿景，同时提出了一系列行动路径和聚焦于人工智能中负责任开源与开放的研究路线图。本文做出三项关键贡献：首先，它实证记录了共创的愿景、行动和研究优先事项；其次，它识别出参与者在将高层愿望转化为具体行动时浮现的四项核心张力，揭示了关于开放的目的（作为目的还是手段）、范围（扩展还是有意义获取）以及运作方式（强制性还是条件性、充分性还是依赖治理与使用）的冲突性解读。这些张力表明，负责任开放并非单一的技术解决方案，而是一个受价值观、立场和优先事项塑造的、经过协商的社会技术项目。第三，本文推进了人工智能治理的方法论路径，展示了参与式未来方法如何揭示超越主流（以企业为主导）叙事的多元愿景、行动和研究优先事项，为实践中如何协商开放、权力和问责提供了实证洞见。