Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been broadly utilized to analyze various data and solve different domain problems. However, neural networks (NNs) have been considered a black box operation for years because their underlying computation and meaning are hidden. Due to this nature, users often face difficulties in interpreting the underlying mechanism of the NNs and the benefits of using them. In this paper, to improve users' learning and understanding of NNs, an interactive learning system is designed to create digit patterns and recognize them in real time. To help users clearly understand the visual differences of digit patterns (i.e., 0 ~ 9) and their results with an NN, integrating visualization is considered to present all digit patterns in a two-dimensional display space with supporting multiple user interactions. An evaluation with multiple datasets is conducted to determine its usability for active learning. In addition, informal user testing is managed during a summer workshop by asking the workshop participants to use the system.

翻译：人工神经网络（ANNs）已被广泛应用于分析各类数据并解决不同领域的问题。然而，由于神经网络（NNs）的底层计算和涵义被隐藏，多年来其一直被视为黑箱操作。受此特性影响，用户在理解NNs的底层机制及其使用价值时常常面临困难。为提升用户对NNs的学习与理解，本文设计了交互式学习系统，用于创建数字模式并实时识别这些模式。为帮助用户清晰理解数字模式（即0~9）的视觉差异及其在NN上的识别结果，系统采用可视化技术将所有数字模式呈现在二维显示空间中，并支持多种用户交互操作。通过多数据集评估验证了该系统在主动学习中的可用性。此外，在暑期工作坊中组织了非正式用户测试，邀请参与者试用该系统。