The rapid and massive diffusion of electric vehicles poses new challenges to the electric system, which must be able to supply these new loads, but at the same time opens up new opportunities thanks to the possible provision of ancillary services. Indeed, in the so-called Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) set-up, the charging power can be modulated throughout the day so that a fleet of vehicles can absorb an excess of power from the grid or provide extra power during a shortage.To this end, many works in the literature focus on the optimization of each vehicle daily charging profiles to offer the requested ancillary services while guaranteeing a charged battery for each vehicle at the end of the day. However, the size of the economic benefits related to the provision of ancillary services varies significantly with the modeling approaches, different assumptions, and considered scenarios. In this paper we propose a profitability analysis with reference to a recently proposed framework for V2G optimal operation in presence of uncertainty. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for profitability in a simplified case and we show via simulation that they also hold for the general case.

翻译：电动汽车的快速大规模普及给电力系统带来了新的挑战，系统必须能够为这些新增负荷供电，但同时也因可能提供辅助服务而开辟了新的机遇。事实上，在所谓的车网互动（V2G）模式下，充电功率可在一天内进行调节，使得车队能够吸收电网的过剩功率，或在电力短缺时提供额外功率。为此，文献中的诸多研究聚焦于优化每辆车的日充电曲线，以在提供所需辅助服务的同时，确保每辆车在一天结束时电池电量充足。然而，与提供辅助服务相关的经济收益规模因建模方法、不同假设和所考虑场景的不同而差异显著。本文针对近期提出的不确定性条件下V2G最优运行框架，进行了盈利性分析。我们在简化情形下给出了盈利的充要条件，并通过仿真证明这些条件在一般情况下同样成立。