Decentralized applications rely on non-centralized technical infrastructures and coordination principles. Without trusted third parties, their execution is not controlled by entities exercising centralized coordination but is instead realized through technologies supporting distribution such as blockchains and serverless computing. Executing decentralized applications with these technologies, however, is challenging due to the limited transparency and insight in the execution, especially when involving centralized cloud platforms. This paper extends an approach for execution and instance tracking on blockchains and cloud platforms permitting distributed parties to observe the instances and states of executable models. The approach is extended with (1.) a metamodel describing the concepts for instance tracking on cloud platforms independent of concrete models or implementation, (2.) a multidimensional data model realizing the concepts accordingly, permitting the verifiable storage, tracking, and analysis of execution states for distributed parties, and (3.) an implementation on the Ethereum blockchain and Amazon Web Services (AWS) using state machine models. Towards supporting decentralized applications with high scalability and distribution requirements, the approach establishes a consistent view on instances for distributed parties to track and analyze the execution along multiple dimensions such as specific clients and execution engines.

翻译：去中心化应用依赖于非中心化的技术基础设施和协调原则。在没有可信第三方的情况下，其执行不受集中协调实体控制，而是通过区块链、无服务器计算等支持分布式的技术来实现。然而，由于执行过程的透明度和可观测性有限（尤其涉及中心化云平台时），利用这些技术执行去中心化应用面临挑战。本文扩展了一种在区块链和云平台上进行执行与实例追踪的方法，允许分布式参与方观察可执行模型的实例与状态。该扩展主要包括：(1) 一个独立于具体模型或实现的元模型，用于描述云平台上实例追踪的相关概念；(2) 一个实现上述概念的多维数据模型，支持分布式参与方对执行状态进行可验证的存储、追踪与分析；以及(3) 在以太坊区块链和亚马逊云服务（AWS）上基于状态机模型的实现。为支持高可扩展性和分布式需求的去中心化应用，该方法为分布式参与方建立了实例的一致性视图，使其能够沿多个维度（如特定客户端和执行引擎）对执行过程进行追踪与分析。