Stealth addresses represent an approach to enhancing privacy within public and distributed blockchains, such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. Stealth address protocols generate a distinct, randomly generated address for the recipient, thereby concealing interactions between entities. In this study, we introduce BaseSAP, an autonomous base-layer protocol for embedding stealth addresses within the application layer of programmable blockchains. BaseSAP expands upon previous research to develop a modular protocol for executing unlikable transactions on public blockchains. BaseSAP allows for developing additional stealth address layers using different cryptographic algorithms on top of the primary implementation, capitalizing on its modularity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed protocol, we present simulations of an advanced Secp256k1-based dual-key stealth address protocol. This protocol is designed on top of BaseSAP and is deployed on the Goerli and Sepolia test networks as the first prototype implementation. Furthermore, we provide cost analyses and underscore potential security ramifications and attack vectors that could affect the privacy of stealth addresses. Our study reveals the flexibility of the BaseSAP protocol and offers insight into the broader implications of stealth address technology.

翻译：隐身地址是在以太坊和比特币等公开分布式区块链中增强隐私的一种方法。隐身地址协议为接收方生成一个独立且随机生成的地址，从而隐藏实体之间的交互。在本研究中，我们介绍了一种名为BaseSAP的自主基础层协议，该协议用于在可编程区块链的应用层中嵌入隐身地址。BaseSAP在先前研究的基础上扩展，开发了一种模块化协议，用于在公开区块链上执行不可关联交易。BaseSAP允许利用其模块化特性，在主实现之上使用不同的密码学算法开发额外的隐身地址层。为了证明我们提出协议的有效性，我们展示了基于先进Secp256k1双密钥隐身地址协议的仿真实验。该协议设计在BaseSAP之上，并在Goerli和Sepolia测试网络上部署了首个原型实现。此外，我们提供了成本分析，并重点指出了可能影响隐身地址隐私性的潜在安全影响和攻击向量。我们的研究揭示了BaseSAP协议的灵活性，并提供了对隐身地址技术更广泛影响的见解。