This community paper developed out of the NSF Workshop on the Future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Mathematical and Physics Sciences (MPS), which was held in March 2025 with the goal of understanding how the MPS domains (Astronomy, Chemistry, Materials Research, Mathematical Sciences, and Physics) can best capitalize on, and contribute to, the future of AI. We present here a summary and snapshot of the MPS community's perspective, as of Spring/Summer 2025, in a rapidly developing field. The link between AI and MPS is becoming increasingly inextricable; now is a crucial moment to strengthen the link between AI and Science by pursuing a strategy that proactively and thoughtfully leverages the potential of AI for scientific discovery and optimizes opportunities to impact the development of AI by applying concepts from fundamental science. To achieve this, we propose activities and strategic priorities that: (1) enable AI+MPS research in both directions; (2) build up an interdisciplinary community of AI+MPS researchers; and (3) foster education and workforce development in AI for MPS researchers and students. We conclude with a summary of suggested priorities for funding agencies, educational institutions, and individual researchers to help position the MPS community to be a leader in, and take full advantage of, the transformative potential of AI+MPS.

翻译：本社区论文源自美国国家科学基金会（NSF）于2025年3月举办的“人工智能（AI）与数学及物理科学（MPS）未来”研讨会，旨在探讨MPS领域（天文学、化学、材料研究、数学科学和物理学）如何最好地利用AI的未来并为之做出贡献。本文呈现了在快速发展的领域中，截至2025年春/夏季MPS社区观点的总结与快照。AI与MPS之间的联系正变得日益密不可分；当前是通过采取积极主动且深思熟虑的策略来加强AI与科学联系的关键时刻，该策略应充分利用AI促进科学发现的潜力，并通过应用基础科学的概念来优化影响AI发展的机遇。为此，我们提出了以下活动和战略重点：（1）促进双向的AI+MPS研究；（2）建设跨学科的AI+MPS研究社区；（3）为MPS研究人员和学生推动AI教育与人才培养。最后，我们总结了针对资助机构、教育机构和个人研究者的建议优先事项，以帮助MPS社区在AI+MPS的变革潜力中占据领导地位并充分利用其优势。