This introductory chapter explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reshaping the landscape of science education. Positioned at the intersection of tradition and innovation, AI is altering educational goals, procedures, learning materials, assessment practices, and desired outcomes. We highlight how AI-supported tools, such as intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning platforms, automated feedback, and generative content creation--enhance personalization, efficiency, and equity while fostering competencies essential for an AI-driven society, including critical thinking, creativity, and interdisciplinary collaboration. At the same time, this chapter examines the ethical, social, and pedagogical challenges that arise, particularly issues of fairness, transparency, accountability, privacy, and human oversight. To address these tensions, we argue that a Responsible and Ethical Principles (REP) framework is needed to offer guidance for aligning AI integration with values of fairness, scientific integrity, and democratic participation. Through this lens, we synthesize the changes brought to each of the five transformative aspects and the approaches introduced to meet the changes according to the REP framework. We argue that AI should be viewed not as a replacement for human teachers and learners but as a partner that supports inquiry, enriches assessment, and expands access to authentic scientific practices. Aside from what is changing, we conclude by exploring the roles that remain uniquely human, engaging as moral and relational anchors in classrooms, bringing interpretive and ethical judgement, fostering creativity, imagination, and curiosity, and co-constructing meaning through dialogue and community, and assert that these qualities must remain central if AI is to advance equity, integrity, and human flourishing in science education.

翻译：本引言章节探讨了人工智能在重塑科学教育格局中的变革性作用。作为传统与创新的交汇点，AI正在改变教育目标、教学流程、学习材料、评估实践及预期成果。我们重点阐述了AI赋能工具——包括智能辅导系统、自适应学习平台、自动反馈机制及生成式内容创作——如何增强个性化、提升效率与促进公平，同时培养批判性思维、创造力与跨学科协作等AI驱动社会所需的核心素养。与此同时，本章审视了由此产生的伦理、社会及教学挑战，特别是公平性、透明度、问责制、隐私及人类监督等问题。为应对这些张力，我们提出需要构建负责任与伦理原则（REP）框架，为AI整合提供指导，使其与公平性、科学诚信及民主参与的价值取向相契合。基于这一视角，我们综合分析了五大变革维度带来的变化，以及根据REP框架应对这些变化所引入的方法。我们主张，AI不应被视为人类教师与学习者的替代品，而应作为支持探究、丰富评估手段、拓展真实科学实践获取途径的合作伙伴。除探讨变化本身外，我们最后探究了仍属人类独有的角色——在课堂中充当道德与关系锚点，运用诠释与伦理判断，培育创造力、想象力与好奇心，通过对话与共同体共建意义——并断言，若要让AI促进科学教育中的公平、诚信与人类繁荣，这些特质必须始终居于核心地位。