Elections repeat commonly after a fixed time interval, ranging from months to years. This results in limitations on governance since elected candidates or policies are difficult to remove before the next elections, if needed, and allowed by the corresponding law. Participants may decide (through a public deliberation) to change their choices but have no opportunity to vote for these choices before the next elections. Another issue is the peak-end effect, where the judgment of voters is based on how they felt a short time before the elections. To address these issues, we propose Always on Voting (AoV) -- a repetitive voting framework that allows participants to vote and change elected candidates or policies without waiting for the next elections. Participants are permitted to privately change their vote at any point in time, while the effect of their change is manifested at the end of each epoch, whose duration is shorter than the time between two main elections. To thwart the problem of peak-end effect in epochs, the ends of epochs are randomized and made unpredictable, while preserved within soft bounds. These goals are achieved using the synergy between a Bitcoin puzzle oracle, verifiable delay function, and smart contracts.

翻译：选举通常按照固定时间间隔重复进行，间隔时间从数月到数年不等。这导致治理存在局限性——若根据法律允许且确有必要，在下次选举之前难以撤换当选的候选人或政策。参与者可能通过公共商议决定改变选择，但在下次选举前没有机会对此进行投票。另一个问题是峰终效应，即选民判断基于选举前短时间内的感受。为解决这些问题，我们提出"持续投票"（Always on Voting, AoV）——一种允许参与者无需等待下次选举即可投票并更换当选候选人或政策的重复投票框架。参与者可在任意时间点秘密更改投票，其更改效果将在每个时段结束时显现，时段时长短于两次主要选举间隔。为避免时段内的峰终效应，每个时段的结束时间被随机化且不可预测，同时保持在软约束范围内。这些目标通过比特币谜题预言机、可验证延迟函数与智能合约的协同机制实现。