Background: Modern Code Review (MCR) is a lightweight alternative to traditional code inspections. While secondary studies on MCR exist, it is unknown whether the research community has targeted themes that practitioners consider important. Objectives: The objectives are to provide an overview of MCR research, analyze the practitioners' opinions on the importance of MCR research, investigate the alignment between research and practice, and propose future MCR research avenues. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study to survey state of the art until and including 2021, employed the Q-Methodology to analyze the practitioners' perception of the relevance of MCR research, and analyzed the primary studies' research impact. Results: We analyzed 244 primary studies, resulting in five themes. As a result of the 1,300 survey data points, we found that the respondents are positive about research investigating the impact of MCR on product quality and MCR process properties. In contrast, they are negative about human factor- and support systems-related research. Conclusion: These results indicate a misalignment between the state of the art and the themes deemed important by most survey respondents. Researchers should focus on solutions that can improve the state of MCR practice. We provide an MCR research agenda that can potentially increase the impact of MCR research.

翻译：背景：现代代码审查（MCR）是传统代码检查的一种轻量级替代方案。尽管已有关于MCR的次级研究，但尚不清楚研究界是否针对实践者认为重要的问题开展了针对性研究。目标：本研究的目的是概述MCR研究现状，分析实践者对MCR研究重要性的看法，探讨研究与实践之间的一致性，并提出未来MCR研究方向。方法：我们采用系统性映射研究法调查截至2021年（含）的最新研究进展，运用Q方法论分析实践者对MCR研究相关性的认知，并评估了主要研究的影响力。结果：我们分析了244项主要研究，归纳出五大主题。基于1300份调查数据点发现，受访者对MCR对产品质量影响及MCR过程属性相关研究持积极态度，但对人为因素与支持系统相关研究持消极态度。结论：这些结果表明当前研究现状与大多数受访者认为重要的主题之间存在偏差。研究人员应聚焦于能够改进MCR实践现状的解决方案。我们提出了一个有望提升MCR研究影响力的MCR研究议程。