Although highly-detailed LoD3 building models reveal great potential in various applications, they have yet to be available. The primary challenges in creating such models concern not only automatic detection and reconstruction but also standard-consistent modeling. In this paper, we introduce a novel refinement strategy enabling LoD3 reconstruction by leveraging the ubiquity of lower LoD building models and the accuracy of MLS point clouds. Such a strategy promises at-scale LoD3 reconstruction and unlocks LoD3 applications, which we also describe and illustrate in this paper. Additionally, we present guidelines for reconstructing LoD3 facade elements and their embedding into the CityGML standard model, disseminating gained knowledge to academics and professionals. We believe that our method can foster development of LoD3 reconstruction algorithms and subsequently enable their wider adoption.

翻译：尽管高细节层次（LoD3）建筑模型在各类应用中展现出巨大潜力，但目前尚未普及。创建此类模型的主要挑战不仅涉及自动检测与重建，还包括标准化建模。本文提出一种新颖的优化策略，通过利用低细节层次建筑模型的普遍性与移动激光扫描（MLS）点云的精度，实现LoD3重建。该策略有望实现大规模LoD3重建并解锁LoD3相关应用（本文亦对此进行了描述与阐述）。此外，我们提出了重建LoD3立面要素及其嵌入CityGML标准模型的指南，将所得知识传播给学术界与从业者。我们相信，该方法将推动LoD3重建算法的发展，并促进其更广泛的应用。