Digital twinning in structural engineering is a rapidly evolving technology that aims to eliminate the gap between physical systems and their digital models through real-time sensing, visualization, and control techniques. Although digital twins can offer dynamic insights into physical systems, their accuracy is inevitably compromised by uncertainties in sensing, modeling, simulation, and controlling. This paper proposes a specialized digital twin formulation, named Risk Twin, designed for real-time risk visualization and risk-informed control of structural systems. Integrating structural reliability and Bayesian inference methods with digital twining techniques, Risk Twin can analyze and visualize the reliability indices for structural components in real-time. To facilitate real-time inference and reliability updating, a "simulation-free" scheme is proposed, leveraging precomputed quantities prepared during an offline phase for rapid inference in the online phase. Proof-of-concept numerical and real-world Risk Twins are constructed to showcase the proposed concepts.

翻译：结构工程中的数字孪生是一项快速发展的技术，旨在通过实时感知、可视化和控制技术消除物理系统与其数字模型之间的差距。尽管数字孪生能够提供对物理系统的动态洞察，但其准确性不可避免地会受到感知、建模、仿真和控制中不确定性的影响。本文提出了一种专门针对结构系统实时风险可视化和风险知情控制的数字孪生形式，命名为风险孪生。通过将结构可靠性和贝叶斯推断方法与数字孪生技术相结合，风险孪生能够实时分析和可视化结构构件的可靠性指标。为促进实时推断和可靠性更新，提出了一种“免仿真”方案，该方案利用离线阶段预先计算的量来实现在线阶段的快速推断。通过概念验证的数值和实际风险孪生实例，展示了所提出的概念。