We show how to find all $k$ marked elements in a list of size $N$ using the optimal number $O(\sqrt{N k})$ of quantum queries and only a polylogarithmic overhead in the gate complexity, in the setting where one has a small quantum memory. Previous algorithms either incurred a factor $k$ overhead in the gate complexity, or had an extra factor $\log(k)$ in the query complexity. We then consider the problem of finding a multiplicative $\delta$-approximation of $s = \sum_{i=1}^N v_i$ where $v=(v_i) \in [0,1]^N$, given quantum query access to a binary description of $v$. We give an algorithm that does so, with probability at least $1-\rho$, using $O(\sqrt{N \log(1/\rho) / \delta})$ queries (under mild assumptions on $\rho$). This quadratically improves the dependence on $1/\delta$ and $\log(1/\rho)$ compared to a straightforward application of amplitude estimation. To obtain the improved $\log(1/\rho)$ dependence we use the first result.
翻译:我们展示了如何在小量子内存设置下,使用最优数量 $O(\sqrt{N k})$ 的量子查询以及仅需门复杂度中的多对数开销,找到大小为 $N$ 的列表中所有 $k$ 个标记元素。此前的算法要么在门复杂度中引入 $k$ 倍开销,要么在查询复杂度中增加额外的 $\log(k)$ 因子。随后我们考虑求解 $s = \sum_{i=1}^N v_i$ 的乘法 $\delta$-近似问题,其中 $v=(v_i) \in [0,1]^N$,并假设可通过量子查询访问 $v$ 的二进制描述。我们给出一种算法,在概率至少为 $1-\rho$ 的情况下,使用 $O(\sqrt{N \log(1/\rho) / \delta})$ 次查询(在 $\rho$ 的温和假设下)实现该目标。与直接应用振幅估计相比,这将对 $1/\delta$ 和 $\log(1/\rho)$ 的依赖实现了二次改进。为获得改进的 $\log(1/\rho)$ 依赖关系,我们使用了第一个结果。