Faroldi argues that deontic modals are hyperintensional and thus traditional modal logic cannot provide an appropriate formalization of deontic situations. To overcome this issue, we introduce novel justification logics as hyperintensional analogues to non-normal modal logics. We establish soundness and completeness with respect to various models and we study the problem of realization.

翻译：Faroldi认为,离子体模式是高强度的,因此传统的模式逻辑不能为离子体情况提供适当的正规化。 为了克服这一问题,我们引入了新颖的理性逻辑,作为非正常模式逻辑的超高级类比。 我们建立了各种模型的健全性和完整性,并研究了实现问题。