It is now more than a half-century since the Physical Symbol Systems Hypothesis (PSSH) was first articulated as an empirical hypothesis. More recent evidence from work with neural networks and cognitive architectures has weakened it, but it has not yet been replaced in any satisfactory manner. Based on a rethinking of the nature of computational symbols -- as atoms or placeholders -- and thus also of the systems in which they participate, a hybrid approach is introduced that responds to these challenges while also helping to bridge the gap between symbolic and neural approaches, resulting in two new hypotheses, one that is to replace the PSSH and other focused more directly on cognitive architectures.

翻译：自物理符号系统假说（PSSH）首次作为一个经验性假说被提出以来，至今已逾半个世纪。近期来自神经网络与认知架构研究的证据削弱了该假说，但尚未有任何令人满意的替代方案。基于对计算符号本质（视为原子或占位符）及其所处系统的重新思考，本文提出一种混合方法以应对这些挑战，同时有助于弥合符号化与神经方法之间的鸿沟。由此衍生出两个新假说：一个旨在替代PSSH，另一个则更直接地聚焦于认知架构。