This paper investigates the dynamics of human AI collaboration in software engineering, focusing on the use of ChatGPT. Through a thematic analysis of a hands on workshop in which 22 professional software engineers collaborated for three hours with ChatGPT, we explore the transition of AI from a mere tool to a collaborative partner. The study identifies key themes such as the evolving nature of human AI interaction, the capabilities of AI in software engineering tasks, and the challenges and limitations of integrating AI in this domain. The findings show that while AI, particularly ChatGPT, improves the efficiency of code generation and optimization, human oversight remains crucial, especially in areas requiring complex problem solving and security considerations. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of human AI collaboration in software engineering and provides practical insights for effectively integrating AI tools into development processes. It highlights the need for clear role allocation, effective communication, and balanced AI human collaboration to realize the full potential of AI in software engineering.

翻译：本文通过主题分析法，探究了软件工程领域内人类与人工智能（以ChatGPT为例）的协同动态。基于22名专业软件工程师与ChatGPT开展三小时协作的实操工作坊，我们考察了人工智能从单纯工具向协作伙伴的角色转变过程。研究识别出若干关键主题，包括人机交互的演化特征、人工智能在软件工程任务中的执行能力，以及该领域整合人工智能所面临的挑战与局限。结果表明，尽管人工智能（特别是ChatGPT）能有效提升代码生成与优化的效率，但在复杂问题求解与安全考量等环节，人类监督仍不可或缺。本研究既深化了软件工程中人机协同的理论认知，也为在开发流程中有效整合人工智能工具提供了实践启示，强调通过清晰的角色分配、高效的沟通机制以及均衡的人机协作模式，方能充分释放人工智能在软件工程领域的潜力。