Thematic analysis is a cornerstone of qualitative research, yet it is often marked by labor-intensive procedures. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), especially with large-scale language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, present potential avenues to enhance qualitative data analysis. This research delves into the effectiveness of ChatGPT in refining the thematic analysis process. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 participants, inclusive of a 4-participant pilot study, to identify the challenges and reservations concerning the incorporation of ChatGPT in qualitative analysis. In partnership with 13 qualitative analysts, we crafted cueing frameworks to bolster ChatGPT's contribution to thematic analysis. The results indicate that these frameworks not only amplify the quality of thematic analysis but also bridge a significant connection between AI and qualitative research. These insights carry pivotal implications for academics and professionals keen on harnessing AI for qualitative data exploration.

翻译：主题分析是定性研究的基石，但往往因繁琐的程序而备受困扰。人工智能最新进展，尤其是ChatGPT等大规模语言模型，为优化定性数据分析提供了潜在途径。本研究深入探讨了ChatGPT在改进主题分析流程中的有效性。我们开展了包含4名参与者的预实验研究在内的17人半结构化访谈，以识别将ChatGPT引入定性分析过程中面临的挑战与疑虑。通过与13位定性分析师合作，我们构建了提示框架以增强ChatGPT对主题分析的贡献。结果表明，这些框架不仅提升了主题分析质量，更在人工智能与定性研究之间建立了重要桥梁。这些发现对致力于运用人工智能探索定性数据的学者与从业者具有重要启示意义。