The escalating digitalisation of our lives and enterprises has led to a parallel growth in the complexity and frequency of cyber-attacks. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in Australia, are experiencing increased vulnerability to cyber threats, posing a significant challenge to the nation's cyber security landscape. Embracing transformative technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Large Language Models (LLMs) can potentially strengthen cyber security policies for Australian SMEs. However, their practical application, advantages, and limitations remain underexplored, with prior research mainly focusing on large corporations. This study aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive understanding of the potential role of LLMs in enhancing cyber security policies for Australian SMEs. Employing a mixed-methods study design, this research includes a literature review, qualitative analysis of SME case studies, and a quantitative assessment of LLM performance metrics in cyber security applications. The findings highlight the promising potential of LLMs across various performance criteria, including relevance, accuracy, and applicability, though gaps remain in areas such as completeness and clarity. The study underlines the importance of integrating human expertise with LLM technology and refining model development to address these limitations. By proposing a robust conceptual framework guiding the effective adoption of LLMs, this research aims to contribute to a safer and more resilient cyber environment for Australian SMEs, enabling sustainable growth and competitiveness in the digital era.

翻译：我们生活与企业的日益数字化导致网络攻击的复杂性和频率同步增长。中小企业，尤其是澳大利亚的中小企业，正面临日益增长的网络威胁脆弱性，这对国家的网络安全格局构成了重大挑战。采用人工智能、机器学习和大语言模型等变革性技术，有望强化澳大利亚中小企业的网络安全政策。然而，这些技术的实际应用、优势与局限性仍未被充分探索，先前的研究主要集中在大型企业。本研究旨在通过全面理解大语言模型在增强澳大利亚中小企业网络安全政策中的潜在作用来填补这一空白。采用混合方法研究设计，包括文献综述、中小企业案例定性分析以及大语言模型在网络安全应用中性能指标的定量评估。研究结果表明，大语言模型在相关性、准确性和适用性等多个性能标准上展现出巨大潜力，尽管在完整性和清晰度等方面仍存在差距。研究强调了将人类专业知识与大语言模型技术整合以及优化模型开发以解决这些局限性的重要性。通过提出一个指导大语言模型有效采用的稳健概念框架，本研究旨在为澳大利亚中小企业构建更安全、更具韧性的网络环境，助力其在数字时代实现可持续增长与竞争力。