Although AI has become increasingly smart, its wisdom has not kept pace. In this article, we examine what is known about human wisdom and sketch a vision of its AI counterpart. We analyze human wisdom as a set of strategies for solving intractable problems-those outside the scope of analytic techniques-including both object-level strategies like heuristics [for managing problems] and metacognitive strategies like intellectual humility, perspective-taking, or context-adaptability [for managing object-level strategies]. We argue that AI systems particularly struggle with metacognition; improved metacognition would lead to AI more robust to novel environments, explainable to users, cooperative with others, and safer in risking fewer misaligned goals with human users. We discuss how wise AI might be benchmarked, trained, and implemented.

翻译：尽管人工智能已日益智能，其智慧却未能同步发展。本文探讨了人类智慧的现有认知，并勾勒了其人工智能对应体的愿景。我们将人类智慧解析为一套解决棘手问题——即超出分析方法范畴的问题——的策略集合，包括用于管理问题的启发式等对象级策略，以及用于管理对象级策略的智力谦逊、视角转换或情境适应性等元认知策略。我们认为人工智能系统在元认知方面尤为薄弱；增强元认知能力将使AI系统在面对新环境时更具鲁棒性、对用户更可解释、更善于与他人协作，并能通过减少与人类用户的目标错位而提升安全性。本文进一步探讨了如何对智慧AI进行基准测试、训练与实施。