Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative yet double-edged technology that can advance human welfare while also posing risks to humans and society. In response, the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) approach has emerged as both a design philosophy and a methodological complement to prevailing technology-centered AI paradigms. Placing humans at the core, HCAI seeks to ensure that AI systems serve, augment, and empower humans rather than harm or replace them. This chapter establishes the conceptual and methodological foundations of HCAI by tracing its evolution and recent advancements. It introduces key HCAI concepts, frameworks, guiding principles, methodologies, and practical strategies that bridge philosophical HCAI principles with operational implementation. Through an analytical review of the emerging characteristics and challenges of AI technologies, the chapter positions HCAI as a holistic paradigm for aligning AI innovation with human values, societal well-being, and sustainable progress. Finally, this chapter outlines the structure and contributions of the Handbook of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an integrated foundation that connects HCAI conceptual frameworks, principles, methodology, and practices for this handbook, thereby paving the way for the content of subsequent chapters.

翻译：人工智能（AI）是一项具有变革性但又具双刃性的技术，它既能促进人类福祉，也可能对人类和社会构成风险。为此，以人为中心的人工智能（HCAI）方法应运而生，它既是一种设计哲学，也是对当前以技术为中心的AI范式的方法论补充。HCAI将人类置于核心位置，旨在确保AI系统服务于、增强并赋能人类，而非伤害或取代人类。本章通过追溯HCAI的演变与最新进展，确立了其概念与方法论基础。它介绍了关键的HCAI概念、框架、指导原则、方法论以及实践策略，从而将哲学层面的HCAI原则与操作层面的实施联系起来。通过对AI技术新兴特性与挑战的分析性综述，本章将HCAI定位为一个整体性范式，旨在使AI创新与人类价值观、社会福祉及可持续发展保持一致。最后，本章概述了《以人为中心的人工智能手册》的结构与贡献。本章旨在为该手册提供一个整合的基础，连接HCAI的概念框架、原则、方法论与实践，从而为后续章节的内容铺平道路。