This article presents a comprehensive overview of the digital twin technology and its capability levels, with a specific focus on its applications in the wind energy industry. It consolidates the definitions of digital twin and its capability levels on a scale from 0-5; 0-standalone, 1-descriptive, 2-diagnostic, 3-predictive, 4-prescriptive, 5-autonomous. It then, from an industrial perspective, identifies the current state of the art and research needs in the wind energy sector. The article proposes approaches to the identified challenges from the perspective of research institutes and offers a set of recommendations for diverse stakeholders to facilitate the acceptance of the technology. The contribution of this article lies in its synthesis of the current state of knowledge and its identification of future research needs and challenges from an industry perspective, ultimately providing a roadmap for future research and development in the field of digital twin and its applications in the wind energy industry.

翻译：本文全面概述了数字孪生技术及其能力层级，重点关注其在风能行业中的应用。文章整合了数字孪生的定义及其从0到5级的能力层级划分：0-独立级、1-描述级、2-诊断级、3-预测级、4-处方级、5-自主级。随后从工业视角出发，识别了风能领域的当前技术现状与研究需求。文章基于研究机构的视角，针对所识别挑战提出了应对方法，并向不同利益相关方提供了一系列建议以促进该技术的接受度。本文的贡献在于综合了当前知识体系，从行业角度明确了未来研究需求与挑战，最终为数字孪生技术及其在风能行业应用领域的未来研发提供了路线图。