Large language models (LLMs) are shaping a new user interface (UI) paradigm in writing tools by enabling users to generate text through prompts. This paradigm shifts some creative control from the user to the system, thereby diminishing the user's authorship and autonomy in the writing process. To restore autonomy, we introduce Textfocals, a UI prototype designed to investigate a human-centered approach that emphasizes the user's role in writing. Textfocals supports the writing process by providing LLM-generated summaries, questions, and advice (i.e., LLM views) in a sidebar of a text editor, encouraging reflection and self-driven revision in writing without direct text generation. Textfocals' UI affordances, including contextually adaptive views and scaffolding for prompt selection and customization, offer a novel way to interact with LLMs where users maintain full authorship of their writing. A formative user study with Textfocals showed promising evidence that this approach might help users develop underdeveloped ideas, cater to the rhetorical audience, and clarify their writing. However, the study also showed interaction design challenges related to document navigation and scoping, prompt engineering, and context management. Our work highlights the breadth of the design space of writing support interfaces powered by generative AI that maintain authorship integrity.

翻译：大型语言模型（LLMs）正在塑造写作工具中一种新的用户界面（UI）范式，使用户能够通过提示生成文本。这种范式将部分创作控制权从用户转移至系统，从而削弱了用户在写作过程中的作者身份和自主性。为恢复自主性，我们引入了Textfocals——一种用户界面原型，旨在探索以人为中心的方法，强调用户在写作中的角色。Textfocals通过在文本编辑器侧边栏提供由LLM生成的摘要、问题和建议（即LLM视角），支持写作过程，鼓励用户反思并自主驱动修订，而不直接生成文本。Textfocals的界面功能（包括上下文自适应视角以及提示选择和定制脚手架）提供了一种与LLM交互的新方式，使用户能保持写作的完全作者身份。对Textfocals进行的形成性用户研究显示出有前景的证据：这种方法可能帮助用户发展未成熟的想法、适应修辞受众并澄清写作。然而，研究也揭示了与文档导航与范围界定、提示工程及上下文管理相关的交互设计挑战。我们的工作凸显了在维护作者身份完整性的前提下，由生成式AI驱动的写作支持界面设计空间的广度。