We examine bias in diving scores from high school meets. Usually, examination of bias in sports where judges assign subjective scores has been examined in terms of nationalistic bias, where judges award favorable scores to athletes from their own home countries. In this work, bias is defined as difference between the judge's scores for a given meet and the ability of the diver. As a measure of the ability of a diver, we calculate a mean score for all dives and all meets in which the diver has participated. We call this mean score a diver's competency score. We use the difference between judges' scores within a given meet and the diver's competency to define a discrepancy: the difference between a judge's estimation of a diver's ability and their true ability. We examine this discrepancy with respect to age, gender, direction of dive, position of dive, round of competition, and dive difficulty.

翻译：我们探讨了高中跳水比赛中裁判评分的偏见问题。通常，在裁判主观评分的体育项目中，偏见研究多聚焦于民族主义倾向，即裁判倾向于给本国运动员更高分数。本研究中，我们将偏见定义为裁判对特定比赛的评分与运动员实际能力之间的差异。为衡量运动员能力，我们计算每位运动员在所有比赛和所有跳水中的平均得分，称之为运动员能力分。随后，通过裁判在特定比赛中的评分与运动员能力分的差值，定义偏差值——即裁判对运动员能力的预估与其真实能力之间的差异。我们分析了该偏差值与年龄、性别、跳水方向、姿势、轮次及难度系数之间的关联。