The rapid pace of development in quantum computing technology has sparked a proliferation of benchmarks for assessing the performance of quantum computing hardware and software. Good benchmarks empower scientists, engineers, programmers, and users to understand a computing system's power, but bad benchmarks can misdirect research and inhibit progress. In this Perspective, we survey the science of quantum computer benchmarking. We discuss the role of benchmarks and benchmarking, and how good benchmarks can drive and measure progress towards the long-term goal of useful quantum computations, i.e., "quantum utility". We explain how different kinds of benchmark quantify the performance of different parts of a quantum computer, survey existing benchmarks, examine recent trends in benchmarking, and highlight important open research questions in this field.

翻译：量子计算技术的快速发展催生了大量用于评估量子计算硬件与软件性能的基准测试。优秀的基准测试能够帮助科学家、工程师、程序员和用户理解计算系统的能力，而不当的基准测试则可能误导研究方向并阻碍进步。本文从宏观视角系统考察量子计算机基准测试的科学体系。我们探讨基准测试的作用与意义，阐释优质基准如何推动并衡量实现"量子效用"这一长期目标的进展——即实现具有实用价值的量子计算。我们解析不同类型基准如何量化量子计算机各组成部分的性能，综述现有基准测试方案，审视近年基准测试的发展趋势，并指出该领域亟待解决的重要开放性问题。