As a capability coming from computation, how does AI differ fundamentally from the capabilities delivered by rule-based software program? The paper examines the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) from engineering points of view to clarify its nature and limits. The paper argues that the rationality underlying humanity's impulse to pursue, articulate, and adhere to rules deserves to be valued and preserved. Identifying where rule-based practical rationality ends is the beginning of making it aware until action. Although the rules of AI behaviors are still hidden or only weakly observable, the paper has proposed a methodology to make a sense of discrimination possible and practical to identify the distinctions of the behavior of AI models with three types of decisions. It is a prerequisite for human responsibilities with alternative possibilities, considering how and when to use AI. It would be a solid start for people to ensure AI system soundness for the well-being of humans, society, and the environment.

翻译：作为一种源自计算的能力，人工智能与基于规则的软件程序所提供的能力有何根本区别？本文从工程学视角审视人工智能的行为，以阐明其本质与局限。文章认为，人类追求、阐述并遵循规则的内在理性值得被重视与保留。识别基于规则的实践理性边界，是使其在行动前被认知的起点。尽管人工智能行为规则仍处于隐藏或弱可观测状态，本文提出了一种方法论，使得区分三类决策下AI模型行为差异的辨识成为可能且可行。这是人类在考虑如何及何时使用人工智能时，对替代可能性承担责任的前提。为确保人工智能系统对人类、社会及环境的福祉具有稳健性，这将成为一项坚实的开端。