The advancement of vehicle automation and the growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) are reshaping transportation systems. While fully automated vehicles are expected to improve traffic stability, efficiency, and sustainability, recent studies suggest that partially automated vehicles, such as those equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC), may adversely affect traffic flow. These drawbacks may not extend to ACC-enabled EVs due to their distinct mechanical characteristics, including regenerative braking and smoother torque delivery. As a result, the impacts of EVs operating under ACC remain insufficiently understood. To address this gap, this study develops an empirical framework using the OpenACC dataset to compare ACC-enabled EVs and internal combustion engine vehicles. Dynamic time warping aligns comparable lead-vehicle trajectories. Results show that EVs exhibit smoother speed profiles, lower speed variability, and shorter spacing, leading to higher efficiency. EVs reduce critical safety events by over 85% and lower platoon-level emissions by up to 26.2%.

翻译：车辆自动化技术的进步与电动汽车日益广泛的应用正在重塑交通系统。尽管全自动驾驶汽车有望提升交通稳定性、效率与可持续性，但近期研究表明，配备自适应巡航控制等部分自动化功能的车辆可能对交通流产生负面影响。然而，由于电动汽车具有再生制动和更平顺的扭矩输出等独特的机械特性，这些缺陷可能不适用于配备ACC的电动汽车。因此，目前对ACC模式下电动汽车的影响仍缺乏充分理解。为填补这一空白，本研究基于OpenACC数据集构建了一个实证分析框架，对比配备ACC的电动汽车与内燃机汽车。通过动态时间规整算法对齐可比较的前车轨迹。结果表明，电动汽车展现出更平顺的速度曲线、更低的速度波动性和更短的车头间距，从而实现了更高效率。电动汽车将关键安全事件减少超过85%，并将车队级排放降低最高达26.2%。