In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in the performance of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) cameras. These cameras have gained popularity as a viable alternative to charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras in a wide range of applications. One particular application is the CMOS camera installed in small space telescopes. However, the limited power and spatial resources available on satellites present challenges in maintaining ideal observation conditions, including temperature and radiation environment. Consequently, images captured by CMOS cameras are susceptible to issues such as dark current noise and defective pixels. In this paper, we introduce a data-driven framework for mitigating dark current noise and bad pixels for CMOS cameras. Our approach involves two key steps: pixel clustering and function fitting. During pixel clustering step, we identify and group pixels exhibiting similar dark current noise properties. Subsequently, in the function fitting step, we formulate functions that capture the relationship between dark current and temperature, as dictated by the Arrhenius law. Our framework leverages ground-based test data to establish distinct temperature-dark current relations for pixels within different clusters. The cluster results could then be utilized to estimate the dark current noise level and detect bad pixels from real observational data. To assess the effectiveness of our approach, we have conducted tests using real observation data obtained from the Yangwang-1 satellite, equipped with a near-ultraviolet telescope and an optical telescope. The results show a considerable improvement in the detection efficiency of space-based telescopes.

翻译：近年来，互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）相机性能逐步提升，已成为电荷耦合器件（CCD）相机在众多应用场景中的有力替代方案。其中一项典型应用是将CMOS相机搭载于小型空间望远镜中。然而，卫星有限的能源与空间资源对维持理想观测条件（包括温度与辐射环境）构成挑战。因此，CMOS相机拍摄的图像易受暗电流噪声和缺陷像素等问题影响。本文提出一种数据驱动框架，用于抑制CMOS相机的暗电流噪声与坏点。该方法包含两大关键步骤：像素聚类与函数拟合。在像素聚类阶段，我们识别并归并具有相似暗电流噪声特性的像素；在函数拟合阶段，依据阿伦尼乌斯定律构建描述暗电流与温度关系的函数。该框架利用地面测试数据，为不同聚类中的像素建立差异化的温度-暗电流关系模型。聚类结果可进一步用于估计实际观测数据中的暗电流噪声水平并检测坏点。为验证方法有效性，我们采用"仰望一号"卫星（搭载近紫外望远镜与光学望远镜）获取的真实观测数据进行测试。结果表明，该方法显著提升了空间望远镜的探测效率。