Could belief in AI predictions be just another form of superstition? This study investigates psychological factors that influence belief in AI predictions about personal behavior, comparing it to belief in astrology- and personality-based predictions. Through an experiment with 238 participants, we examined how cognitive style, paranormal beliefs, AI attitudes, personality traits, and other factors affect perceived validity, reliability, usefulness, and personalization of predictions from different sources. Our findings reveal that belief in AI predictions is positively correlated with belief in predictions based on astrology and personality psychology. Notably, paranormal beliefs and positive attitudes about AI significantly increased perceived validity, reliability, usefulness, and personalization of AI predictions. Conscientiousness was negatively correlated with belief in predictions across all sources, and interest in the prediction topic increased believability across predictions. Surprisingly, we found no evidence that cognitive style has an impact on belief in fictitious AI-generated predictions. These results highlight the "rational superstition" phenomenon in AI, where belief is driven more by mental heuristics and intuition than critical evaluation. This research advances our understanding of the psychology of human-AI interaction, offering insights into designing and promoting AI systems that foster appropriate trust and skepticism, critical for responsible integration in an increasingly AI-driven world.

翻译：对AI预测的信任是否只是另一种形式的迷信？本研究调查了影响对AI个人行为预测信任的心理因素，并将其与对占星学和基于人格的预测的信任进行比较。通过对238名参与者的实验，我们考察了认知风格、超自然信念、对AI的态度、人格特质及其他因素如何影响对不同来源预测的感知效度、信度、有用性和个性化程度。研究发现，对AI预测的信任与对基于占星学和人格心理学的预测信任呈正相关。值得注意的是，超自然信念和对AI的积极态度显著提升了AI预测的感知效度、信度、有用性和个性化程度。尽责性人格特质与对所有来源预测的信任呈负相关，而对预测主题的兴趣则普遍增强了预测的可信度。令人惊讶的是，我们没有发现证据表明认知风格会影响对虚构AI生成预测的信任。这些结果凸显了AI领域的"理性迷信"现象，即信任更多由心理启发式和直觉驱动，而非批判性评估。本研究推进了我们对人机交互心理学的理解，为设计和推广能够培养适当信任与怀疑的AI系统提供了见解，这对于在日益由AI驱动的世界中实现负责任的技术整合至关重要。