In this paper, we propose a modularized framework for communication processes applicable to crash and Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus protocols. We abstract basic communication components and show that the communication process of the classic consensus protocols such as RAFT, single-decree Paxos, PBFT, and Hotstuff, can be represented by the combination of communication components. Based on the proposed framework, we develop an approach to analyze the consensus reliability of different protocols, where link loss and node failure are measured as a probability. We propose two latency optimization methods and implement a RAFT system to verify our theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed latency optimization methods. We also discuss decreasing consensus failure rate by adjusting protocol designs. This paper provides theoretical guidance for the design of future consensus systems with a low consensus failure rate and latency under the possible communication loss.

翻译：本文提出了一种适用于崩溃容错与拜占庭容错共识协议的模块化通信流程框架。我们抽象出基础通信组件，并证明经典共识协议（如RAFT、单法令Paxos、PBFT及Hotstuff）的通信流程均可通过通信组件的组合进行表征。基于所提框架，我们开发了一种分析不同协议共识可靠性的方法，其中链路丢包与节点故障均以概率形式度量。本文提出两种延迟优化方法，并通过实现RAFT系统验证理论分析及所提延迟优化方法的有效性。同时，我们探讨了通过调整协议设计降低共识失败率的途径。本文为未来共识系统的设计提供了理论指导，旨在实现通信可能丢失场景下的低共识失败率与低延迟。