The paper explains that post-quantum cryptography is necessary due to the introduction of quantum computing causing certain algorithms to be broken. We analyze the different types of post-quantum cryptography, quantum cryptography and quantum-resistant cryptography, to provide a thorough understanding of the current solutions to the problems and their limitations. We explain the current state of quantum computing and how it has changed over time while discussing possible attacks on both types of post-quantum cryptography. Next, current post-quantum algorithms are discussed, and implementations are demonstrated. Lastly, we conclude that due to quantum cryptography's present limitations it is not a viable solution like it is often presented to be and that it is currently better to use quantum-resistant cryptography.

翻译：本文阐释了由于量子计算的引入导致某些算法被破解，因此后量子密码学的必要性。我们分析了后量子密码学、量子密码学和抗量子密码学等不同类型，以透彻理解当前针对这些问题的解决方案及其局限性。我们阐述了量子计算的当前状态及其随时间的变化，同时讨论了针对这两类后量子密码学可能实施的攻击。接着，探讨了当前的后量子算法，并展示了其实现方式。最后，我们得出结论：由于量子密码学目前存在局限性，它并非如人们常说的那样是一种可行的解决方案，当前更宜采用抗量子密码学。