Efficient route optimization play a vital role in ensuring both safety and punctuality in railway operations. It is very crucial particularly in heterogeneous multi-gauge railway networks with varying train speed, stopping pattern, infrastructure compatibility constraints increase coordination complexity. In single-track systems these challenges are further intensify due to all trains to share the same track and requires frequent track switching.Stochastic disruptions events including blocked tracks, blocked trains, engine failure and speed slowdowns introduces additional unpredictability in operations and deviate the timetable. However, existing studies predominantly focuses on high-level timetabling, omitting operational details such as track switching coordination. As a result leaving decision to human operators, increasing safety risks into railway operations. This study proposes a framework based on temporal planning for dynamic route optimization and disruption management in heterogeneous railway systems. The framework formulates railway operations as a temporal planning problem using PDDL 2.1 with explicitly modeling gauge compatibility constraints and diverse disruption scenarios. It generates conflict-free timestamped operational plans specifying both optimized schedules and executable action sequences. To evaluate the proposed framework, we developed a benchmark problem set with 200 instances using up to 1,000 track points and 120 trains. Two state-of-the-art temporal planners and a plan validator were employed to assessed the framework. The experimental results demonstrate that the framework effectively generates temporal operational plans for heterogeneous railway systems and handles multi-gauge constraints, disruptions, and reduces dependence on manual decision making.

翻译：高效的路由优化在确保铁路运营的安全性与准点性方面发挥着关键作用，尤其在异构多轨距铁路网络中，因列车速度、停站模式及基础设施兼容性约束各异而加剧协调复杂性时更为重要。在单线系统中，由于所有列车需共用同一轨道并频繁进行轨道切换，这些挑战进一步凸显。随机中断事件（包括轨道阻塞、列车故障、引擎失效及限速运行）给运营带来额外的不可预测性并导致时刻表偏离。然而，现有研究主要聚焦于高层级时刻表编排，忽视了轨道切换协调等运营细节，导致决策权移交至人工操作员，从而增加铁路运营安全风险。本研究提出一种基于时序规划的框架，用于异构铁路系统中的动态路由优化与中断管理。该框架采用PDDL 2.1将铁路运营形式化为时序规划问题，显式建模轨距兼容性约束与多样化中断场景，生成无冲突的带时间戳运营方案，同时包含优化调度与可执行动作序列。为评估所提框架，我们构建了一个包含200个测试实例的基准问题集（轨道点数量多达1000个，列车达120列），采用两款最先进的时序规划器与规划验证器进行验证。实验结果表明，该框架能够有效生成面向异构铁路系统的时序运营方案，处理多轨距约束与中断事件，并降低对人工决策的依赖。