The rapid growth of decentralized digital currencies, enabled by blockchain technology, has ushered in a new era of peer-to-peer transactions, revolutionizing the global economy. Cryptocurrency wallets, serving as crucial endpoints for these transactions, have become increasingly prevalent. However, the escalating value and usage of these wallets also expose them to significant security risks and challenges. This research aims to comprehensively explore the security aspects of cryptocurrency wallets. It provides a taxonomy of wallet types, analyzes their design and implementation, identifies common vulnerabilities and attacks, and discusses defense mechanisms and mitigation strategies. The taxonomy covers custodial, non-custodial, hot, and cold wallets, highlighting their unique characteristics and associated security considerations. The security analysis scrutinizes the theoretical and practical aspects of wallet design, while assessing the efficacy of existing security measures and protocols. Notable wallet attacks, such as Binance, Mt. Gox are examined to understand their causes and consequences. Furthermore, the paper surveys defense mechanisms, transaction monitoring, evaluating their effectiveness in mitigating threats.

翻译：区块链技术支撑的去中心化数字货币快速发展，开创了点对点交易的新纪元，深刻变革了全球经济格局。加密货币钱包作为这些交易的关键端点，其应用日益普及。然而，这类钱包价值的攀升与使用频率的增加，也使其面临重大安全风险与挑战。本研究旨在全面探索加密货币钱包的安全特性，提出钱包类型分类体系，分析其设计与实现原理，识别常见漏洞与攻击手段，并探讨防御机制与缓解策略。分类体系涵盖托管型、非托管型、热钱包与冷钱包，重点阐述各类钱包的独特特征及相关安全考量。安全分析从理论与实务双重维度审视钱包设计，评估现有安全措施与协议的有效性。通过对币安、门头沟等典型钱包攻击事件的剖析，揭示攻击成因与后果。此外，本文系统梳理了防御机制与交易监控方案，评估其在缓解安全威胁方面的实际效能。