Future warfare will occur in more complex, fast-paced, ill-structured, and demanding conditions that will stress current Command and Control (C2) systems. Without modernization, these C2 systems may fail to maintain overmatch against adversaries. We previously proposed robust partnerships between humans and artificial intelligence systems, and directly focusing on C2, we introduced how intelligent technologies could provide future overmatch through streamlining the C2 operations process, maintaining unity of effort across formations, and developing collective knowledge systems that adapt to battlefield dynamics across missions. Future C2 systems must seamlessly integrate human and machine intelligence to achieve decision advantage over adversaries while overcoming "new" challenges due to the technological advances driving fundamental changes in effective teaming, unity of effort, and meaningful human control. Here, we describe "new" C2 challenges and discuss pathways to transcend them, such as AI-enabled systems with effective human machine interfaces.

翻译：未来战争将在更复杂、快节奏、结构不良且要求严苛的条件下进行，这将给现有指挥与控制（C2）系统带来巨大压力。若不进行现代化改造，这些C2系统可能无法保持对敌方的压倒性优势。我们先前曾提出人类与人工智能系统之间建立稳健的伙伴关系，并直接聚焦于C2领域，阐述了智能技术如何通过简化C2作战流程、维持编队间行动统一性以及开发能够适应跨任务战场动态的集体知识系统，来提供未来的压倒性优势。未来的C2系统必须无缝整合人类与机器智能，以获取对敌方的决策优势，同时克服因技术进步带来的“新”挑战——这些技术进步正推动有效协同、行动统一及有意义的人类控制发生根本性变革。本文阐述了C2面临的“新”挑战，并探讨了超越这些挑战的路径，例如配备高效人机接口的人工智能赋能系统。