The European Union has proposed the Artificial Intelligence Act which introduces a proportional risk-based approach to AI regulation including detailed requirements for transparency and explainability. Many of these requirements may be addressed in practice by the field of explainable AI (XAI), however, there are fundamental differences between XAI and the Act regarding what transparency and explainability are. These basic definitions should be aligned to assure that regulation continually translates into appropriate technical practices. To facilitate this alignment, we first give an overview of how XAI and European regulation view basic definitions of transparency with a particular focus on the AI Act and the related General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We then present a comparison of XAI and regulatory approaches to identify the main points that would improve alignment between the fields: clarification of the scope of transparency, the legal status of XAI, oversight issues in conformity assessments, and dataset-related transparency.

翻译：欧盟提出了《人工智能法案》，该法案引入了基于风险比例的AI监管方法，包括对透明度和可解释性的详细要求。实践中，可解释人工智能（XAI）领域或可满足其中许多要求，然而XAI与法案在透明度和可解释性的定义上存在根本差异。这些基本定义应予以协调，以确保法规能持续转化为适当的技术实践。为促进这一协调，我们首先概述XAI与欧盟法规对透明度基本定义的看法，特别聚焦于《人工智能法案》及相关《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）。随后，我们对比XAI与监管路径，以识别改善两领域协调的关键点：透明度范围的澄清、XAI的法律地位、合规评估中的监督问题以及与数据集相关的透明度。