Ride-hailing platforms increasingly face uncertain driver acceptance, which makes traditional one-to-one 'exclusive dispatch (ED)' less efficient: rejections and timeouts force sequential retries and lengthen rider wait times, which in turn creates friction in the marketplace. 'Non-exclusive dispatch (NED)' mitigates this friction by broadcasting a request to multiple drivers in parallel. While NED can reduce latency, it introduces new design challenges -- most notably, how to choose notification sets and how to resolve driver contention (when multiple drivers accept the same ride). In this paper -- the second in a two-part collaboration with Lyft -- we develop a theoretically grounded framework to evaluate the long-run performance and marketplace effects of transitioning from ED to NED. We bridge theory and practice by combining (i) an optimization model that formulates NED as a constrained welfare maximization problem with (ii) large-scale discrete-event simulations on proprietary Lyft traces and (iii) a stylized macroscopic equilibrium model. Across simulation and equilibrium analysis, we find that NED improves key fulfillment metrics relative to ED: it reduces match time (and hence rider reneging) while increasing both the number and the average quality of completed matches. We also quantify the speed--quality trade-off between two common contention resolution rules, 'First-Accept' and 'Best-Accept': First-Accept maximizes speed and throughput, whereas Best-Accept is required to maximize per-match quality. Finally, we show that slightly conservative notification heuristics can improve long-run efficiency by avoiding excessive locking of high-value drivers and preserving future availability.

翻译：网约车平台日益面临司机接单的不确定性，这使得传统的一对一“独占派单”效率降低：拒单和超时迫使系统反复重试，延长乘客等待时间，进而引发市场摩擦。“非独占派单”通过并行广播请求给多名司机来缓解这种摩擦。尽管非独占派单能降低延迟，却也带来新的设计挑战——核心问题在于如何选择通知集合以及如何解决司机冲突（当多名司机同时接单时）。本文是与Lyft合作两部分中的第二部分，我们构建了一个理论框架来评估从独占派单转向非独占派单的长期性能及市场影响。该框架结合了理论与实践：（i）将非独占派单建模为带约束的福利最大化问题的优化模型，（ii）基于Lyft专有数据的大规模离散事件仿真，以及（iii）简约的宏观均衡模型。通过仿真与均衡分析，我们发现相比独占派单，非独占派单改善了关键履约指标：缩短匹配时间（从而减少乘客放弃等待），同时提升完成匹配的数量和平均质量。我们还量化了两种常见冲突解决规则“先接先得”与“最优接单”之间的速度-质量权衡：先接先得最大化速度与吞吐量，而最优接单则需最大化单次匹配质量。最后，我们证明适度保守的通知启发式策略能通过避免过度锁定高价值司机并保留未来可用性，从而提升长期效率。