Bibliographic data is a rich source of information that goes beyond the use cases of location and citation---it also encodes both cultural and technological context. This paper uses large-scale analysis of author-name representation in the Dimensions database to identify and characterise an ``Initial Era'' in the scholarly record, running from 1945 to 1983, during which initials were used in preference to full names on scholarly communications. We document this era's emergence, its persistence across countries and disciplines, and its rapid decline from approximately 2002 in conjunction with specific technological and policy changes in the bibliographic infrastructure. We argue that the Initial Era is exceptional in the four-century history of formalised scholarly communication, and we examine its implications for the visibility of researchers---particularly women---in the scholarly record, and for the broader project of bibliometric archaeology over digital research data.

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