Medical evacuation is one of the United States Army's most storied and critical mission sets, responsible for efficiently and expediently evacuating the battlefield ill and injured. Medical evacuation planning involves designing a robust network of medical platforms and facilities capable of moving and treating large numbers of casualties. Until now, there has not been a medium to simulate these networks in a classroom setting and evaluate both offline planning and online decision-making performance. This work describes the Medical Evacuation Wargaming Initiative (MEWI), a three-dimensional multiplayer simulation developed in Unity that replicates battlefield constraints and uncertainties. MEWI accurately models patient interactions at casualty collection points, ambulance exchange points, medical treatment facilities, and evacuation platforms. Two operational scenarios are introduced: an amphibious island assault in the Pacific and a Eurasian conflict across a sprawling road and river network. These scenarios pit students against the clock to save as many casualties as possible while adhering to doctrinal lessons learned during didactic training. We visualize performance data collected from two iterations of the MEWI Pacific scenario executed in the United States Army's Medical Evacuation Doctrine Course. We consider post-wargame Likert survey data from student participants and external observer notes to identify key planning decision points, document medical evacuation lessons learned, and quantify general utility. Results indicate that MEWI participation substantially improves uptake of medical evacuation lessons learned and co-operative decision-making. MEWI is a substantial step forward in the field of high-fidelity training tools for medical education, and our study findings offer critical insights into improving medical evacuation education and operations across the joint force.

翻译：医疗后送是美国陆军最具历史意义且至关重要的任务体系之一，负责高效迅速地撤离战场伤病员。医疗后送规划涉及设计一个能够运送并治疗大量伤员的、由医疗平台与设施构成的鲁棒网络。迄今为止，尚缺乏一种能在课堂环境中模拟此类网络并评估离线规划与在线决策性能的媒介。本研究介绍了医疗后送兵棋推演系统——一种基于Unity引擎开发的三维多人在线模拟系统，该系统复现了战场约束条件与不确定性。该系统精确模拟了伤员集结点、救护车交换点、医疗救治设施及后送平台中的伤员交互过程。研究引入两种作战想定：太平洋地区的两栖岛屿突击作战，以及横跨广阔道路与河流网络的欧亚大陆冲突。这些想定要求学员在遵循课堂教学所获 doctrinal 经验的同时，与时间赛跑以救治尽可能多的伤员。我们可视化分析了从美军医疗后送条令课程中两轮太平洋想定推演所收集的性能数据。结合学员参与者的李克特量表调查数据与外部观察员记录，我们识别出关键规划决策点，记录医疗后送经验教训，并量化系统总体效用。结果表明，参与该系统推演能显著提升对医疗后送经验教训的掌握程度及协同决策能力。该系统是医疗教育高保真训练工具领域的重大进展，我们的研究结果为提升联合部队医疗后送教育与作战效能提供了关键见解。