Process reward models (PRMs) provide fine-grained supervision for assessing intermediate steps in language-model outputs, but their application to biological protocols presents distinct challenges. Protocol validity depends on both the appropriateness of individual operations and their consistency with the experimental objective and surrounding procedure, while experimental outcomes are typically unavailable during verification. We introduce BioPRM, a contextual process reward model for identifying procedural inconsistencies in structured biological protocols. We construct a supervision corpus from SciRecipe and protocols collected from protocols.io and Bio-protocol using LLM-assisted construction and source-specific review by personnel with biological expertise.

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