The rapid spread of false information and persistent manipulation attacks on online social networks (OSNs), often for political, ideological, or financial gain, has affected the openness of OSNs. While researchers from various disciplines have investigated different manipulation-triggering elements of OSNs (such as understanding information diffusion on OSNs or detecting automated behavior of accounts), these works have not been consolidated to present a comprehensive overview of the interconnections among these elements. Notably, user psychology, the prevalence of bots, and their tactics in relation to false information detection have been overlooked in previous research. To address this research gap, this paper synthesizes insights from various disciplines to provide a comprehensive analysis of the manipulation landscape. By integrating the primary elements of social media manipulation (SMM), including false information, bots, and malicious campaigns, we extensively examine each SMM element. Through a systematic investigation of prior research, we identify commonalities, highlight existing gaps, and extract valuable insights in the field. Our findings underscore the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to effectively combat social media manipulations, and our systematization can guide future research efforts and assist OSN providers in ensuring the safety and integrity of their platforms.

翻译：虚假信息的快速传播以及为获取政治、意识形态或经济利益而对在线社交网络（OSNs）发起的持续性操控攻击，已对OSNs的开放性造成了影响。尽管来自不同学科的研究人员已对OSNs中各类引发操控的要素（如理解OSNs上的信息扩散或检测账户的自动化行为）进行了探讨，但这些研究尚未整合成对上述要素间相互关联的全面概述。值得注意的是，以往研究忽视了用户心理、机器人的普遍性及其策略与虚假信息检测之间的关系。为弥补这一研究空白，本文综合了多个学科的见解，对操控格局进行了全面分析。通过整合社交媒体操控（SMM）的核心要素，包括假信息、机器人及恶意活动，我们对每个SMM要素进行了深入探讨。通过系统梳理先前的研究，我们识别出该领域的共性、凸显现有空白，并提炼出宝贵见解。我们的研究结果强调，亟需开展跨学科研究以有效应对社交媒体操控，而我们的系统化梳理可为未来研究工作提供指导，并协助OSN提供商确保其平台的安全性与完整性。