Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) represents a significant shift in the 6G landscape, where wireless networks both sense the environment and communicate. While prior comprehensive surveys have established foundational elements of ISAC security, discussed perception-focused security models, and proposed layered defense strategies, this paper synthesizes these studies into a comprehensive taxonomic framework that covers the whole ISAC security domain. This paper provides a systematic and thorough review of ISAC security across multiple orthogonal dimensions. These include threat taxonomy and propagation methods; vulnerability analysis at design, physical, computational, and architectural levels; defense mechanisms categorized by deployment layer; security-performance trade-offs with theoretical bounds; sector-specific security demands for critical infrastructure; and emerging issues such as quantum resilience, AI-hardening, and privacy preservation. Unlike previous frameworks that primarily focus on vision, this review combines these dimensions, introduces new classification schemes that reveal hidden relationships between threats and defenses, and identifies key research gaps through structured analysis. This detailed taxonomy offers a valuable reference for researchers developing secure ISAC systems and policymakers establishing security standards.

翻译：集成感知与通信（ISAC）代表了6G领域的重要变革，其无线网络兼具环境感知与通信功能。尽管先前的综合性综述已确立ISAC安全的基础要素、讨论了以感知为核心的安全模型并提出了分层防御策略，但本文将这些研究整合为一个覆盖整个ISAC安全领域的综合分类框架。本文通过多个正交维度对ISAC安全进行了系统而全面的梳理，包括：威胁分类与传播途径；设计层、物理层、计算层及架构层的脆弱性分析；按部署层级划分的防御机制；具有理论界限的安全-性能权衡；关键基础设施的行业特定安全需求；以及量子韧性、人工智能强化、隐私保护等新兴议题。与先前主要聚焦视觉感知的框架不同，本综述融合了上述多维视角，引入了揭示威胁与防御间隐含关系的新分类体系，并通过结构化分析指出了关键研究空白。这一精细分类框架为开发安全ISAC系统的研究者及制定安全标准的政策制定者提供了重要参考。