The success of a web application is closely linked to its performance, which positively impacts user satisfaction and contributes to energy-saving efforts. Among the various optimization techniques, one specific subject focuses on improving the utilization of web fonts. This study investigates the impact of different font formats on client-side resource consumption, such as CPU, memory, load time, and energy. In a controlled experiment, we evaluate performance metrics using the four font formats: OTF, TTF, WOFF, and WOFF2. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between all pair-wise format comparisons regarding all performance metrics. Overall, WOFF2 performs best, except in terms of memory allocation. Through the study and examination of literature, this research contributes (1) an overview of methodologies to enhance web performance through font utilization, (2) a specific exploration of the four prevalent font formats in an experimental setup, and (3) practical recommendations for scientific professionals and practitioners.

翻译：Web应用的成功与其性能密切相关，良好的性能不仅能提升用户满意度，还有助于节能。在各种优化技术中，有一项特定研究专注于改善Web字体的使用效率。本研究探讨了不同字体格式对客户端资源消耗（如CPU、内存、加载时间和能耗）的影响。通过控制实验，我们使用OTF、TTF、WOFF和WOFF2四种字体格式评估了性能指标。研究结果表明，所有成对格式比较在各项性能指标上均存在显著差异。总体而言，WOFF2表现最优，但在内存分配方面除外。通过文献研究与实验分析，本研究贡献了：(1) 利用字体优化Web性能的方法综述，(2) 在实验环境中对四种主流字体格式的专项探索，以及(3) 为科研人员与从业者提供的实用建议。