Integrating different functionalities, conventionally implemented as dedicated systems, into a single platform allows utilising the available resources more efficiently. We consider an integrated sensing and power transfer (ISAPT) system and propose the joint optimisation of the rectangular pulse-shaped transmit signal and the beamforming vector to combine sensing and wireless power transfer (WPT) functionalities efficiently. In contrast to prior works, we adopt an accurate non-linear circuit-based energy harvesting (EH) model. We formulate and solve a non-convex optimisation problem for a general number of EH receivers to maximise a weighted sum of the average harvested powers at the EH receivers while ensuring the received echo signal reflected by a sensing target (ST) has sufficient power for estimating the range to the ST with a prescribed accuracy within the considered coverage region. The average harvested power is shown to monotonically increase with the pulse duration when the average transmit power budget is sufficiently large. We discuss the trade-off between sensing performance and power transfer for the considered ISAPT system. The proposed approach significantly outperforms a heuristic baseline scheme based on a linear EH model, which linearly combines energy beamforming with the beamsteering vector in the direction to the ST as its transmit strategy.

翻译：将传统上作为专用系统实现的不同功能集成到单个平台中，可以更高效地利用可用资源。我们考虑一个集成感知与功率传输（ISAPT）系统，并提出联合优化矩形脉冲形状的发射信号和波束赋形向量，以高效结合感知和无线功率传输（WPT）功能。与先前工作不同，我们采用基于非线性电路的能量采集（EH）模型。针对一般数量的EH接收器，我们构建并求解一个非凸优化问题，旨在最大化EH接收器处平均采集功率的加权和，同时确保由感知目标（ST）反射的回波信号具有足够功率，以便在覆盖区域内以指定精度估计到ST的距离。研究表明，当平均发射功率预算足够大时，平均采集功率随脉冲持续时间单调增加。我们讨论了所考虑ISAPT系统中感知性能与功率传输之间的权衡。所提出的方法显著优于基于线性EH模型的启发式基线方案，后者将能量波束赋形与指向ST的波束导向向量线性组合作为其发射策略。