The advent of 5G New Radio (NR) technology has revolutionized the landscape of wireless communication, offering various enhancements such as elevated system capacity, improved spectrum efficiency, and higher data transmission rates. To achieve these benefits, 5G has implemented the Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) architecture, characterized by the deployment of numerous small general Node B (gNB) units. While this approach boosts system capacity and frequency reuse, it also raises concerns such as increased signal interference, longer handover times, and higher handover failure rates. To address these challenges, the critical factor of Time to Trigger (TTT) in handover management must be accurately determined. Furthermore, the density of gNBs has a significant impact on handover performance. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of 5G handover management. Through the development and utilization of a downlink system-level simulator, the effects of various TTT values and gNB densities on 5G handover were evaluated, taking into consideration the movement of Traffic Users (TUs) with varying velocities. Simulation results showed that the handover performance can be optimized by adjusting the TTT under different gNB densities, providing valuable insights into the proper selection of TTT, UDN, and TU velocity to enhance 5G handover performance.

翻译：5G新无线（NR）技术的出现彻底改变了无线通信格局，带来了系统容量提升、频谱效率改善以及数据传输速率提高等多重优势。为实现这些优势，5G采用了超密集网络（UDN）架构，其特点是在网络中部署大量小型通用节点B（gNB）单元。虽然这种方法提升了系统容量和频率复用效率，但也引发了信号干扰增加、切换时间延长以及切换失败率上升等问题。为应对这些挑战，必须精确确定切换管理中的关键因素——触发时间（TTT）。此外，gNB的密度对切换性能具有显著影响。本研究对5G切换管理进行了全面分析。通过开发并利用下行链路系统级仿真器，在考虑不同速度的流量用户（TU）移动的情况下，评估了不同TTT值和gNB密度对5G切换的影响。仿真结果表明，通过在不同gNB密度下调整TTT，可以优化切换性能，为合理选择TTT、UDN配置及TU速度以提升5G切换性能提供了宝贵的见解。