Secure computation is of critical importance to not only the DoD, but across financial institutions, healthcare, and anywhere personally identifiable information (PII) is accessed. Traditional security techniques require data to be decrypted before performing any computation. When processed on untrusted systems the decrypted data is vulnerable to attacks to extract the sensitive information. To address these vulnerabilities Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) keeps the data encrypted during computation and secures the results, even in these untrusted environments. However, FHE requires a significant amount of computation to perform equivalent unencrypted operations. To be useful, FHE must significantly close the computation gap (within 10x) to make encrypted processing practical. To accomplish this ambitious goal the TREBUCHET project is leading research and development in FHE processing hardware to accelerate deep computations on encrypted data, as part of the DARPA MTO Data Privacy for Virtual Environments (DPRIVE) program. We accelerate the major secure standardized FHE schemes (BGV, BFV, CKKS, FHEW, etc.) at >=128-bit security while integrating with the open-source PALISADE and OpenFHE libraries currently used in the DoD and in industry. We utilize a novel tile-based chip design with highly parallel ALUs optimized for vectorized 128b modulo arithmetic. The TREBUCHET coprocessor design provides a highly modular, flexible, and extensible FHE accelerator for easy reconfiguration, deployment, integration and application on other hardware form factors, such as System-on-Chip or alternate chip areas.

翻译：摘要：安全计算对于国防部、金融机构、医疗保健以及任何涉及个人身份信息（PII）访问的领域都至关重要。传统安全技术要求在执行计算前对数据进行解密。在不可信系统中处理时，解密后的数据易受攻击，导致敏感信息泄露。为解决这些漏洞，全同态加密（FHE）可在计算过程中保持数据加密状态，即使在不可信环境中也能保护结果安全。然而，FHE需要庞大的计算量才能实现等效的未加密操作。为使其具有实用性，必须显著缩小计算差距（10倍以内），使加密处理变得可行。为实现这一宏伟目标，TREBUCHET项目正引领FHE处理硬件的研究与开发，以加速加密数据上的深度计算，作为DARPA MTO虚拟环境数据隐私（DPRIVE）计划的一部分。我们加速了主要的标准化安全FHE方案（BGV、BFV、CKKS、FHEW等），在≥128位安全等级下集成目前国防部和业界使用的开源PALISADE和OpenFHE库。我们采用创新的基于瓦片的芯片设计，配备高度并行化的ALU，针对向量化128b模运算进行了优化。TREBUCHET协处理器设计提供高度模块化、灵活且可扩展的FHE加速器，便于在片上系统或替代芯片区域等其他硬件形态上进行重新配置、部署、集成和应用。