While artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant benefits, it also has negatively impacted humans and society. A human-centered AI (HCAI) approach has been proposed to address these issues. However, current HCAI practices have shown limited contributions due to a lack of sociotechnical thinking. To overcome these challenges, we conducted a literature review and comparative analysis of sociotechnical characteristics with respect to AI. Then, we propose updated sociotechnical systems (STS) design principles. Based on these findings, this paper introduces an intelligent sociotechnical systems (iSTS) framework to extend traditional STS theory and meet the demands with respect to AI. The iSTS framework emphasizes human-centered joint optimization across individual, organizational, ecosystem, and societal levels. The paper further integrates iSTS with current HCAI practices, proposing a hierarchical HCAI (hHCAI) approach. This hHCAI approach offers a structured approach to address challenges in HCAI practices from a broader sociotechnical perspective. Finally, we provide recommendations for future iSTS and hHCAI work.

翻译：尽管人工智能（AI）带来了显著效益，但它也对人类和社会产生了负面影响。为应对这些问题，以人为中心的人工智能（HCAI）方法被提出。然而，由于缺乏社会技术思维，当前的HCAI实践显示出有限的贡献。为克服这些挑战，我们开展了文献综述，并对AI相关的社会技术特征进行了比较分析。随后，我们提出了更新的社会技术系统（STS）设计原则。基于这些发现，本文引入了一个智能社会技术系统（iSTS）框架，以扩展传统STS理论并满足AI相关需求。iSTS框架强调在个体、组织、生态系统和社会层面进行以人为中心的联合优化。本文进一步将iSTS与当前HCAI实践相结合，提出了一种分层式HCAI（hHCAI）方法。该hHCAI方法提供了一个结构化路径，从更广泛的社会技术视角应对HCAI实践中的挑战。最后，我们对未来iSTS和hHCAI工作提出了建议。