Sharding is essential for improving blockchain scalability. Existing protocols overlook diverse adversarial attacks, limiting transaction throughput. This paper presents Reticulum, a groundbreaking sharding protocol addressing this issue, boosting blockchain scalability. Reticulum employs a two-phase approach, adapting transaction throughput based on runtime adversarial attacks. It comprises "control" and "process" shards in two layers. Process shards contain at least one trustworthy node, while control shards have a majority of trusted nodes. In the first phase, transactions are written to blocks and voted on by nodes in process shards. Unanimously accepted blocks are confirmed. In the second phase, blocks without unanimous acceptance are voted on by control shards. Blocks are accepted if the majority votes in favor, eliminating first-phase opponents and silent voters. Reticulum uses unanimous voting in the first phase, involving fewer nodes, enabling more parallel process shards. Control shards finalize decisions and resolve disputes. Experiments confirm Reticulum's innovative design, providing high transaction throughput and robustness against various network attacks, outperforming existing sharding protocols for blockchain networks.

翻译：分片技术对于提升区块链可扩展性至关重要。现有协议忽视了多样化的对抗性攻击，限制了交易吞吐量。本文提出了Reticulum，一种解决此问题、提升区块链可扩展性的突破性分片协议。Reticulum采用两阶段方法，根据运行时对抗性攻击动态调整交易吞吐量。它包含双层结构中的"控制"分片与"处理"分片。处理分片至少包含一个可信节点，而控制分片则拥有多数可信节点。在第一阶段，交易被写入区块并由处理分片中的节点进行投票。获得一致接受的区块即被确认。在第二阶段，未获一致接受的区块由控制分片投票表决。若获得多数赞成票，区块即被接受，同时排除第一阶段中的反对者与沉默投票者。Reticulum在第一阶段采用一致性投票机制，涉及节点较少，从而支持更多并行处理分片。控制分片负责最终决策与争议解决。实验证实了Reticulum的创新设计，能够提供高交易吞吐量并对抗多种网络攻击，其性能优于现有的区块链网络分片协议。