The advancement of generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), has a significant impact on politics and democracy, offering potential across various domains, including policymaking, political communication, analysis, and governance. This paper surveys the recent and potential applications of LLMs in politics, examining both their promises and the associated challenges. This paper examines the ways in which LLMs are being employed in legislative processes, political communication, and political analysis. Moreover, we investigate the potential of LLMs in diplomatic and national security contexts, economic and social modeling, and legal applications. While LLMs offer opportunities to enhance efficiency, inclusivity, and decision-making in political processes, they also present challenges related to bias, transparency, and accountability. The paper underscores the necessity for responsible development, ethical considerations, and governance frameworks to ensure that the integration of LLMs into politics aligns with democratic values and promotes a more just and equitable society.

翻译：生成式人工智能，特别是大语言模型（LLMs）的进步，对政治与民主产生了重大影响，在政策制定、政治传播、分析与治理等多个领域展现出潜力。本文综述了LLMs在政治领域近期及潜在的应用，审视了其前景与相关挑战。本文考察了LLMs在立法过程、政治传播及政治分析中的运用方式。此外，我们探讨了LLMs在外交与国家安全、经济社会建模以及法律应用中的潜力。尽管LLMs为提升政治过程的效率、包容性与决策水平提供了机遇，但也带来了与偏见、透明度及问责制相关的挑战。本文强调，为确保LLMs融入政治领域符合民主价值观并促进更公正、更平等的社会，必须进行负责任的发展、伦理考量并建立治理框架。