The characteristics of high-speed node movement and dynamic topology changes pose great challenges to the design of internet of vehicles (IoV) routing protocols. Existing schemes suffer from common problems such as insufficient adaptability and lack of global consideration, making it difficult to achieve a globally optimal balance between routing reliability, real-time performance and transmission efficiency. This paper proposes an adaptive multi-dimensional coordinated comprehensive routing scheme for IoV environments. A complete IoV system model including network topology, communication links, hierarchical congestion and transmission delay is first constructed, the routing problem is abstracted into a single-objective optimization model with multiple constraints, and a single-hop link comprehensive routing metric integrating link reliability, node local load, network global congestion and link stability is defined. Second, an intelligent transmission switching mechanism is designed: candidate nodes are screened through dual criteria of connectivity and progressiveness, a dual decision-making of primary and backup paths and a threshold switching strategy are introduced to avoid link interruption and congestion, and an adaptive update function is constructed to dynamically adjust weight coefficients and switching thresholds to adapt to changes in network status. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively adapt to the high dynamic topology and network congestion characteristics of IoV, perform excellently in key indicators such as routing interruption times, packet delivery rate and end-to-end delay, and its comprehensive performance is significantly superior to traditional routing schemes.

翻译：高速节点移动和动态拓扑变化的特性对车联网路由协议的设计带来了巨大挑战。现有方案普遍存在适应性不足、缺乏全局考量等问题，难以在路由可靠性、实时性和传输效率之间实现全局最优平衡。本文提出了一种适用于车联网环境的自适应多维度协同综合路由方案。首先构建了包含网络拓扑、通信链路、层次化拥塞和传输时延的完整车联网系统模型，将路由问题抽象为多约束下的单目标优化模型，并定义了融合链路可靠性、节点局部负载、网络全局拥塞和链路稳定性的单跳链路综合路由度量。其次，设计了智能传输切换机制：通过连通性和前进性双重标准筛选候选节点，引入主备路径双重决策与阈值切换策略以避免链路中断和拥塞，并构建自适应更新函数动态调整权值系数和切换阈值以适应网络状态变化。仿真结果表明，所提方案能有效适应车联网的高动态拓扑和网络拥塞特性，在路由中断次数、数据包投递率和端到端时延等关键指标上表现优异，综合性能显著优于传统路由方案。