Quantum computing offers significant speedup compared to classical computing, which has led to a growing interest among users in learning and applying quantum computing across various applications. However, quantum circuits, which are fundamental for implementing quantum algorithms, can be challenging for users to understand due to their underlying logic, such as the temporal evolution of quantum states and the effect of quantum amplitudes on the probability of basis quantum states. To fill this research gap, we propose QuantumEyes, an interactive visual analytics system to enhance the interpretability of quantum circuits through both global and local levels. For the global-level analysis, we present three coupled visualizations to delineate the changes of quantum states and the underlying reasons: a Probability Summary View to overview the probability evolution of quantum states; a State Evolution View to enable an in-depth analysis of the influence of quantum gates on the quantum states; a Gate Explanation View to show the individual qubit states and facilitate a better understanding of the effect of quantum gates. For the local-level analysis, we design a novel geometrical visualization Dandelion Chart to explicitly reveal how the quantum amplitudes affect the probability of the quantum state. We thoroughly evaluated QuantumEyes as well as the novel QuantumEyes integrated into it through two case studies on different types of quantum algorithms and in-depth expert interviews with 12 domain experts. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and usability of our approach in enhancing the interpretability of quantum circuits.

翻译：量子计算相较于经典计算展现出显著加速优势，这使得用户对学习并将量子计算应用于各类场景的兴趣日益增长。然而，作为实现量子算法的核心载体，量子电路因其底层逻辑（例如量子态的时序演化、量子振幅对基量子态概率的影响机制）而难以被用户理解。为填补该研究空白，我们提出交互式可视化分析系统QuantumEyes，通过全局与局部两个层面增强量子电路的可解释性。在全局层面，我们设计了三种耦合可视化视图以刻画量子态变化及其深层原因：概率概览视图用于总览量子态概率演化过程；状态演化视图支持深入分析量子门对量子态的影响；量子门解释视图则展示单个量子比特态，助力理解量子门作用机制。在局部层面，我们创新性地提出几何可视化图形"蒲公英图"，以显式揭示量子振幅影响量子态概率的机理。通过基于两类不同量子算法的案例研究及对12位领域专家的深度访谈，我们全面评估了QuantumEyes及其核心组件。结果表明，该方法在提升量子电路可解释性方面兼具有效性与实用性。