Technical progress in hardware and software enables us to record gaze data in everyday situations and over long time spans. Among a multitude of research opportunities, this technology enables visualization researchers to catch a glimpse behind performance measures and into the perceptual and cognitive processes of people using visualization techniques. The majority of eye tracking studies performed for visualization research is limited to the analysis of gaze distributions and aggregated statistics, thus only covering a small portion of insights that can be derived from gaze data. We argue that incorporating theories and methodology from psychology and cognitive science will benefit the design and evaluation of eye tracking experiments for visualization. This book chapter provides an overview of how eye tracking can be used in a variety of study designs. Further, we discuss the potential merits of cognitive models for the evaluation of visualizations. We exemplify these concepts on two scenarios, each focusing on a different eye tracking study. Lastly, we identify several call for actions.

翻译：硬件与软件的技术进步使我们能够在日常情境及长时间跨度内记录眼动数据。在众多研究机遇中，该技术使可视化研究者得以窥见性能指标背后，洞察人们使用可视化技术时的感知与认知过程。目前大多数用于可视化研究的眼动追踪实验仅局限于注视分布及聚合统计的分析，因而仅涵盖了可从眼动数据中获取的少量见解。我们认为，融合心理学与认知科学的理论及方法将有益于可视化眼动实验的设计与评估。本书章节概述了眼动追踪如何应用于多样化的研究设计，并进一步探讨了认知模型在可视化评估中的潜在价值。我们通过两个聚焦于不同眼动研究的情境来阐释这些概念。最后，我们提出若干行动呼吁。