Stubborn mining attack greatly downgrades Bitcoin throughput and also benefits malicious miners (attackers). This paper aims to quantify the impact of block receiving delay on stubborn mining attack severity in imperfect Bitcoin networks. We develop an analytic model and derive formulas of both relative revenue and system throughput, which are applied to study attack severity. Experiment results validate our analysis method and show that imperfect networks favor attackers. The quantitative analysis offers useful insight into stubborn mining attack and then helps the development of countermeasures.

翻译：顽固挖矿攻击严重降低了比特币的吞吐量，并给恶意矿工（攻击者）带来收益。本文旨在量化不完全比特币网络中区块接收延迟对顽固挖矿攻击严重性的影响。我们开发了一个分析模型，推导了相对收益和系统吞吐量的公式，并将其用于研究攻击的严重性。实验结果验证了我们的分析方法，并表明不完全网络有利于攻击者。该定量分析为理解顽固挖矿攻击提供了有益的见解，并有助于制定相应的防御措施。